Journal of East-West Thought (JET) ISSN (O) : 2168-2259 UGC CARE I
Journal of East-West Thought (JET) ISSN : 2168-2259 (Online) UGC CARE I is published by the International Association for East-West Studies (IAES, https://iaesonline.org; http://www.cpp.edu/~iaes). JET is included in The Philosopher's Index and EBSCO. As a scholarly peer-reviewed and printed journal dedicated to advancing constructive, creative, critical, theoretical, and forward-looking thoughts and ideas in East-West studies, it provides a forum for interdisciplinary, cross-cultural, global, and philosophical examinations of all subject matters within East-West studies. JET's ISSN is 2168-2259 (Online). Websites are: http://www.cpp.edu/jet (Print Only ) http://www. Jetjournal.us (Online) after 2020 Journal of East-West Thought September 2020 // Scholar Works (calstate.edu) Journal of East-West Thought - Bronco Scholar Journal of East-West Thought // Scholar Works (calstate.edu) Call for Papers JET welcomes articles on East-West Thought in the following categories: Universalism, Cosmopolitanism and Global Justice Theories of Justice Pluralism, Enclusivism and Muilty-culturalism Contemporary Moral Issues Contemporary Epistemological Issues Contemporary Esthetical Issues Contemporary Ontological Issues Civilizational Coexistence and Cooperation Reformation, Institutionalization, and Constitutionalization Philosophy of Disasters, Crises, and Conflicts Theories of Communications Theories of Languages and Hermeneutics Naturalism and Ecological Thoughts Contemporary Capitalization and Privatization Post-Modernism, Post-Marxism, Post-Communism, and Post-Revolutionism Americanism, De-Americanism, Anti-Americanism, and Post-Americanism Globalization and Polarization Scientification and Technologication Nationalism, Patriotism and Militarism Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics, Biology Management, Commerce Social Sciences Education Business, Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Management and Accounting Strategy and Management Business and Accounting Management of Technology and Innovation
International Association for East-West Studies (IAES)
''स्‍वातंत्र्योत्तर हिन्‍दी साहित्‍य में राष्‍ट्रीय चेतना : लोकजीवन और मानवीय मूल्‍यों के संदर्भ में अध्‍ययन''
स्‍वातंत्र्योत्तर हिन्‍दी साहित्‍य में राष्‍ट्रीय चेतना का स्‍वरूप केवल राजनीतिक स्‍वतंत्रता के उत्‍सव तक सीमित नहीं रहा, बल्कि यह लोकजीवन, मानवीय मूल्‍यों, सांस्‍कृतिक पुनर्निमाण तथा सामाजिक यथार्थ के व्‍यापक संदर्भों में विकसित हुआ। इस काल के साहित्‍यकारों ने यह अनुभव किया कि राष्‍ट्र की वास्‍तविक शक्ति उसकी जनता, उसकी संस्‍कृति और उसके मानवीय संबंधों में निहित होती है। प्रस्‍तुत शोध पत्र में फणीश्‍वरनाथ रेणु तथा धर्मवीर भारती के साहित्‍य के माध्‍यम से राष्‍ट्रीय चेतना का विश्‍लेषण किया गया है। रेणु के साहित्‍य में जहाँ ग्रामीण भारत की जीवंतता, सामाजिक संरचना और जनमानस की वास्‍तविकता के माध्‍यम से राष्‍ट्र का एक जमीनी स्‍वरूप उभरकर सामने आता है, वहीं भारती के साहित्‍य में मानवीय संवेदनाओं, नैतिक संघर्षों और सांस्‍कृतिक मूल्‍यों के माध्‍यम से राष्‍ट्रीय चेतना का एक आत्मिक और दार्शनिक स्‍वरूप दिखाई देता है। इस प्रकार यह शोध पत्र यह स्‍थापित करने का प्रयास करता है कि स्‍वातंत्र्योत्तर हिन्‍दी साहित्‍य में राष्‍ट्रीय चेतना का विकास बहुआयामी है।, जिसमें लोक और मानवीय मूल्‍य दोनों का समान महत्‍व है।
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of East-West Thought (JET) ISSN (O) : 2168-2259 https://jetjournal.us/
“AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE MATHEMATICAL PROPERTIES OF WAVELET FRAME TRANSFORMATIONS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN SIGNAL AND IMAGE ANALYSIS”
In recent years wavelet frame transformations have emerged as a significant mathematical tool and signal processing technique. Native orthogonal wavelets have the special feature of data representation at various resolutions and frequencies. In this paper, we provide an extensive treatment of the wavelet frame transformation including the necessary tools and properties. Furthermore, the study talks about its application in analysis of images and signals of wavelet frame transformation. Wavelet frames are an important aspect of frame theory and wavelet theory and relate to the more general development of frames in Hilbert spaces. Wavelet transform is useful because it represents a signal with level signals. In addition, It can do effective signal approximation in noise removal. The frame theory which developed a more general wavelet theory is where the study of frames started. The characterization of a wavelet frame with useful properties like tightness and compact support require the mining of results and techniques from other methods in mathematics, such as operator theory and harmonic analysis.
Smt.Deshmukh Naziya Sultana Khursheed Ahmed
Sanatan Dharma as a Source of Counselling Communication Skills.
Communication is the foundation of effective counselling. In modern society, stress, anxiety, emotional instability, and relationship conflicts have increased the importance of counselling communication skills. While modern counselling theories focus on empathy, active listening, emotional intelligence, and guidance, these principles have existed for centuries in Sanatan Dharma. Ancient Indian scriptures such as the Bhagavad Gita, Ramayana, and Mahabharata provide deep insights into counselling communication through dialogue, wisdom, patience, and emotional support. This paper explores how Sanatan Dharma acts as a valuable source of counselling communication skills and how its teachings remain relevant in modern counselling practices.
Gandhian Humanism as a Framework for Human Rights Discourse
The discourse on human rights has evolved as a central concern in modern political and ethical thought, grounded in the principles of dignity, equality, and justice. Among the thinkers who have significantly contributed to this discourse, Mahatma Gandhi stands out for his deeply ethical and humanistic approach. This paper explores Gandhian humanism as a moral foundation for human rights, emphasizing its relevance in contemporary society. Gandhi’s ideas on non-violence, equality, freedom, and social justice are examined alongside his practical methods such as Satyagraha and Swadeshi. The paper argues that Gandhian humanism offers a holistic and sustainable framework for addressing modern human rights challenges, particularly in a world marked by inequality, violence, and moral crises.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of East-West Thought (JET) ISSN (O) : 2168-2259 https://jetjournal.us/
EXAMINING THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF BRAND EXPERIENCE IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BRAND EQUITY AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION
The mobile phone industry is highly competitive, with brands constantly striving to establish a strong market presence. This research aims to explore the relationship between brand equity, brand experience, and customer satisfaction within India's mobile phone market. Drawing from theoretical foundations and empirical evidence, the research explores how brand equity contributes customer satisfaction through the development of brand experience. To assess these relationships, data were collected from 390 consumers of various brands and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The empirical findings led to the development of a new model demonstrating significant positive associations among brand equity, brand experience, and customer satisfaction. Based on these results, the study provides managerial insights, emphasizing that enhancing customers' brand experiences can strengthen brand equity and improve their overall satisfaction. While brand equity directly influences customer satisfaction, brand experience may serve as a key mediator in this relationship.
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of East-West Thought (JET) ISSN (O) : 2168-2259 https://jetjournal.us/
UNDERSTANDING LUXURY CONSUMPTION IN EMERGING MARKETS: THE IMPACT OF VANITY AND ATTITUDE ON PURCHASE INTENTION
The study investigates how vanity affects consumer attitude and purchase intention about luxury products in an emerging market setting, i.e., in case of Delhi NCR. The quantitative research approach was taken with a descriptive and analytical research design, where the data were gathered using a structured questionnaire (n=200 respondents), and analyzed using statistical programs like regression and correlation. The findings show that vanity has a significant impact on consumer attitude, whereas the attitude has a very strong relationship with the purchase intention, but the direct impact of vanity on purchase intention is relatively weak. The results indicate that the influence of luxury consumption is not solely determined by psychological characteristics like vanity but also by attitudinal and situational factors with references to the social impact, perceived worth, and aspiration behavior. This study concludes that consumer attitude is an important mediating process and luxury consumption in the emerging markets is a complex phenomenon which is determined by psychological, social and cultural interactions.
Suman Nandal Sehrawat, Dr. Manmohan Chaudhry
To study the Role of Microfinance Institutions in Enhancing Financial Inclusion and Economic Development
This study examines the role of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in promoting financial inclusion and fostering economic development. Financial inclusion, which refers to the accessibility and utilization of affordable financial services by all sections of society, has become a crucial instrument for poverty alleviation and sustainable economic growth. By extending financial services to low-income households, small entrepreneurs, and underserved communities, MFIs contribute significantly to improving financial accessibility and empowering economically marginalized groups.
“UNVEILING THE VEIL: THE PLIGHT OF AFGHAN WOMEN IN THE NOVELS OF KHALED HOSSEINI”
Women in Afghanistan have been impacted differently due to changing situations. Women have suffered much in last few decades due to political instability, male chauvinistic attitude, religious stereotypes and continuous wars. The writings from Afghanistan led to the world being made more aware of the sufferings of women in a male-dominated and conflict-ridden society. Khaled Hosseini has emerged as a very important voice for the Afghan women. Anyone reading A Thousand Splendid Suns will see that. They wrote many novels related to Afghanistan and its society. Also, he focused on the Afghan women and their loss of identity, dignity, and freedom. His writing vividly represents conditions in Afghanistan and the trauma faced by its women. The works of Khaled Hosseini have been examined in terms of their representation of women. Seeing how Afghan women are suffering and living under oppression has been especially helpful. Khaled Hosseini's A Thousand Splendid Suns gives us a glimpse of the destruction caused due to the Afghan war.
“MODEL ORDER REDUCTION PROBLEM OF SINGLE INPUT AND SINGLE OUTPUT FOR CHEMO-INSPIRED GENETIC ALGORITHM”
The model order reduction (MOR) is a critical field in control system engineering. The construction of a lower order system with similar dynamic properties and behaviour of a higher order system in such a manner that the former is less complex than the later. Many engineering applications make use of higher-order SISO systems, which creates computation problems with the system analysis, controller design and simulation. This research paper proposes a fresh method for addressing the issue of model order reduction. The use of optimized genetic algorithm has been proposed to use chemo-inspired methods such as chemical reaction behaviour, molecular interaction and adaptive mutation schemes. The system’s reduced model is obtained by minimizing system while maintaining stability and accuracy. The proposed method is evaluated on various standard benchmark transfer function models. settling time, rise time and frequency response characteristics are studied in various cases. A reduced order model with high accuracy is the result of a genetic optimization technique inspired by chemotherapy. The results of the approximation are also better than existing reduction methods. The method proposed is straightforward and flexible and possesses considerable capability to build complex engineering control systems.
Dr. Manjusha Ashok Sagar, Dr. S.V. Kuberkar,
ब्रज - इतिहास लेखन श्रमण साहित्य के विशेष सन्दर्भ में
“ASSESSMENT OF ENGLISH COMMUNICATION SKILLS AMONG POLYTECHNIC STUDENTS”
Students pursuing technical and professional education must possess English communication skills as a necessity. A student is prepared for an industrial job by a polytechnic. The ability to communicate effectively is highly value in the world of employment. Students learning in polytechnic have good knowledge about the technical field. Still, they lack confidence in expressing their thoughts in English. The lack of communication skills causes them to face several hurdles in getting successful in professional life. Due to a lack of competent communication skills, many students' performances are average in academics. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the communication skills of polytechnic students. This study also aims to identify the major problem affecting the learners’ communication skill so as to give them proper attention to enhance their communication skill. The communication skills of students examining their skills are Polytechnic. It incorporates various facets of communication including skills such as speaking and listening. Besides that, the study examines learner’s education background, contact with English, and learning environment for language learning.
The Mediating Role of Family Climate and the Moderating Role of Family Structure in the Relationship between Academic Anxiety and Adjustment among Higher Secondary School Students
The present study examines the mediating role of family climate and the moderating role of family structure in the relationship between academic anxiety and adjustment among higher secondary school students in Imphal West, Manipur. The number of samples was 200. Higher Secondary School students were selected using simple random sampling. Standardised tools such as the Academic Anxiety Scale (Sharma & Shakir), the Adjustment Inventory for School Students (Sinha & Singh), and the Family Climate Scale (Shah) were used to collect data. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and PROCESS macro analyses (Models 4 & 7). The results showed that the academic anxiety score was significantly negatively correlated with adjustment, which means that the students who had high academic anxiety scores had low adjustment scores in this study. The results of the mediation analysis indicated that family climate did not significantly mediate the relationship between academic anxiety and adjustment. In the moderation analysis, however, family structure was found to be a significant moderator in the relationship between academic anxiety and adjustment. The scores of the students in joint families had less negative correlation with academic anxiety, and joint family structure might be protective in relation to the adverse effects of academic anxiety. The results show that the family environment plays a crucial role in students' coping skills and adjustment under academic stress. The findings of the study have significant implications for education, school counsellors, policy makers and mental health workers in developing family-focused interventions and supports that will promote positive psychological functioning and adjustment in students.
Sorotkhaibam Bikram Singh, Prof. Manilei Serto,
REVISITING MODERN TO ANCIENT-AN ANALYSIS ON KAVITA KANE’S THE LANKA’S PRINCESS.
This study examines The Lanka’s Princess by Kavita Kane as a significant work in contemporary Indian mythological fiction that reinterprets ancient narratives through a modern lens. The novel centers on Surpanakha, a marginalised female character from the Ramayana, and reconstructs her identity beyond the traditional portrayal of a villain. By blending modern sensibilities with ancient myth, the author challenges patriarchal interpretations and gives voice to suppressed perspectives. This paper explores themes of gender, identity, power, and emotional complexity, highlighting how Kane bridges temporal divides to make mythology relevant to present-day readers. The study also analyses narrative techniques, character development, and ideological shifts that redefine classical storytelling.
Role of Yoga in Enhancing Team Sports Performance
Yoga has emerged as an important component in modern sports training due to its positive impact on physical fitness, mental stability, flexibility, endurance, and recovery. Team sports such as football, cricket, hockey, basketball, and volleyball require coordination, concentration, teamwork, agility, and stress management. Yogic practices including asanas, pranayama, meditation, and relaxation techniques help athletes improve both physical and psychological performance. The present paper discusses the role of yoga in enhancing team sports performance in the current competitive scenario. Traditional and modern perspectives on yoga and sports are discussed, emphasising their enduring value in promoting holistic wellness. The application of yoga and sports in the education system is explored, highlighting their benefits for student development and well-being. Lastly, strategies for promoting yoga and sports as a healthy culture at national and global levels are proposed, encompassing education, community outreach, public health initiatives, infrastructure development, cultural promotion, professional training, inclusive programming, and research evaluation.
Existential Feminism in Selected Novels of Manju Kapur
Indian English literature has undergone a remarkable transformation through the works of women novelists who emphasize female subjectivity, identity, and resistance to patriarchal oppression. Manju Kapur stands out among these authors for her complex depiction of women juggling their wants with societal expectations. Her works depict the existential and psychological challenges faced by women torn between tradition and modernity. This research paper looks at the idea of existential feminism in a few of Manju Kapur's books, specifically Difficult Daughters, A Married Woman, Home, and The Immigrant. The novel examines how Kapur's female protagonists pursue identity, freedom, uniqueness, and self-realization amid repressive patriarchal systems by drawing on the ideas of Simone de Beauvoir and Jean-Paul Sartre. The study covers themes such as alienation, freedom of choice, marital discontent, sexuality, education, and resistance. The study contends that by challenging gender norms and pursuing genuine existence, Kapur's heroes represent existential feminist awareness. Through her realistic stories, Kapur portrays women as people who are constantly searching for their identity and purpose rather than just as victims.
Evaluating the Public Health Scenario in Tamenglong District: A Grassroots Perspective.
The paper evaluates the public health scenario in the Tamenglong district. Tamenglong District is located in the hilly region of Manipur. The dominant tribe of the area is Rongmei (Kabui). The district has been facing various public health problems like geographical difficulties, poor infrastructure, less manpower, lack of healthcare facilities, socio-economic conditions, etc. These issues have influenced the well-being and health of the people in the region. This paper assesses the healthcare system of the district at the grassroots level. The research brings to the fore problems regarding the prevalence of disease, accessibility, poor healthcare facilities, and the deficiency of healthcare workers. The main objective of the research is to address the public health concerns in the areas and make people aware and suggest education in public health and propose recommendations for enhancing public health based on the research results. The study is based primarily on collecting data from secondary sources like government reports or policy reports, NHM reports, census reports, journals, books, and reliable web sources.
Maheisin Rongmei and Dr. Oinam Shantibala Devi
Societal Influence on the Identity of an Individual: An Althusserian Reading of George Orwell's Shooting an Elephant
George Orwell's Shooting an Elephant (1936) has long been read as a confessional critique of British imperialism. This paper approaches the essay from a different angle, treating it as a site where the social construction of individual identity can be observed with unusual clarity. Using Louis Althusser's theories of ideology, interpellation, and Ideological State Apparatuses as its primary analytical lens, the paper argues that the narrator's identity in the essay is not an expression of autonomous selfhood but a product of colonial ideology and collective social pressure. The narrator is interpellated into the role of the imperial officer not by any single moment of coercion but by the accumulated force of institutional expectations, public observation, and the performative demands of colonial authority. Close reading of Orwell's prose reveals the gap between his private moral resistance and the identity he is compelled to inhabit in public, a gap that Althusser's framework helps to theorize as the constitutive condition of ideological subjecthood. The paper also draws selectively on Edward Said's analysis of Orientalism, Frantz Fanon's account of colonial psychology, and Michel Foucault's thinking on surveillance to sharpen the analysis at specific points. The findings suggest that Orwell's narrator is a subject whose agency has been so thoroughly captured by colonial ideology that the act of shooting the elephant, which he knows to be unnecessary and wrong, becomes not a choice but a performance of the only identity available to him. The essay ultimately functions as an inadvertent anatomy of how societies produce the very subjects they require.
Abin Biju Puthupurakizhakathil , Amal Thomas Varghese
Copyright (c) 2026 Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of East-West Thought (JET) ISSN (O) : 2168-2259 https://jetjournal.us/
The Dynamics of Survival and Selfhood in Khaled Hosseini’s Selected Works
The present study seeks to examine the themes of human suffering, self-identity and feminist consciousness in Khaled Hosseini’s novels The Kite Runner and A Thousand Splendid Suns. This research undertakes a comparative analysis of the experiences of human anguish, the author’s selfreflection and the portrayal of women’s issues within these selected works. It aims to illuminate the forms of suffering endured by ordinary individuals living under religiously governed societies and to contrast the ways in which women’s hardships are intensified in a patriarchal culture that not only thrives on male dominance but also legitimizes it through religious doctrine and sacred texts.
“An Analytical Study of Human Values in the Selected Poems of Tagore and Robert Frost”
Values play a very important role in life. Through values we can understand the life, relationship, morality and society. This is why literature is filled with values. Poetry is an art or creative work that tries to express something through a human being. Renowned poets like Rabindranath Tagore and Robert Frost have exemplified remarkable human values in their poems. Though the poets are from different countries and cultures, both write extensively on humanity, nature, morality and the inner life of man. This study analyzes the human values in the selected poems of Tagore and Robert Frost. The poetry of Tagore predominantly illustrated love spirituality peace and universal brotherhood. Frost's poems, on the contrary, reflect simplicity, hard work, responsibility, human struggle and decision making. The poets utilize nature as an important tool for conveying their ideas and emotions. Poetry guides readers towards virtuous living and self-realization. The study takes an analytical and comparative approach. The Poems of Tagore and Frost. The selected poems of Tagore are taken from Gitanjali. In Gitanjali, the poet depicts his awareness of God and his submission to God.
THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY‑ENHANCED LEARNING ON STUDENT ENGAGEMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
This paper examines the role of Technology-Enhanced Learning (TEL) in increasing student engagement in secondary school settings across behavioural, emotional, and cognitive dimensions. As electronic tools and teaching technology are gradually becoming part and parcel of the new classroom setting, it is necessary to be aware of how these methods affect the student engagement, motivation, and profound learning. Based on the mixed-methods design, the survey, classroom observations, and semi-structured interview were used to collect data among 300 students and 30 teachers in six secondary schools. The results show that TEL is very effective in terms of engagement, and its effectiveness is manifested by the fact that students were better engaged in terms of behavior, as demonstrated by their active voices in the digital discussion and collaborative projects; better engaged in terms of emotion, as demonstrated by the interactive content and the feedback in real-time; and better engaged in terms of the mind, as demonstrated by the adaptive learning tools that facilitated problem-solving and self-regulated learning. The qualitative data indicates that collaborative platforms and real-time feedback were the most important factors, and issues that impeded the effectiveness of TEL were the disparity in access to devices, the lack of teacher expertise, and off-task distraction. The research notes the importance of technologically integrated teaching that should be pedagogically oriented, stable infrastructure, and teacher training, and advising the development of student-digital literacy. In future studies, longitudinal impact of TEL on academic performance and activity among various demographic and socio-economic backgrounds should be explored.
“HYBRID QUANTUM-CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURES FOR SPARSE TENSOR DECOMPOSITION IN HIGH-DIMENSIONAL DATA STREAMS WITH APPLICATIONS IN SUSTAINABLE SMART SYSTEMS”
The past years have witnessed the generation of a high amount of high-dimensional data from various domains including smart cities, healthcare, environment, transportation systems, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) platforms, etc. The process of analyzing these multidimensional data streams poses a major challenge for effective analysis. A variety of classical machine learning and tensor decomposition methods are used to analyze high-dimensional sparse data. However, the practical applicability and performance of these techniques might be limited when it comes to large-scale sparse data streams because of their high computation cost… memory overhead and slow convergence rate. The current study presents a hybrid quantum-classical architecture for sparse tensor decomposition in high-dimensional streaming settings to overcome classical limitations. The framework that we proposed utilizes classical tensor factorization along with quantum optimization for efficient computation, dimensionality reduction and sparse pattern extraction. The study addresses the development of the new sustainable smart systems, where continuous application of data for real time analysis is crucial for energy optimization failure prediction resource management and intelligent decision making. The architecture utilizes quantum-inspired optimization, tensor train decomposition, and adaptive sparse learning to facilitate the processing of multifaceted datasets. The results of the investigation reveal that the hybrid model performs better than the other existing tensor decomposition techniques in terms of decomposition accuracy, reconstruction error, execution time and scalability. The research shows that quantum-classical computing can improve the performance of data analytics in future sustainable smart systems and large-scale smart infrastructures.
A CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT OF WOMEN’S SELF-HELP GROUPS IN NAINITAL DISTRICT
This study examines the extent of the challenges faced by women in Self-Help Groups (SHGs) within the Nainital District of Uttarakhand. Utilizing a purposive sampling technique, a sample of 50 women from the Bhimtal block was selected for analysis. The findings indicate that various socio-economic constraints limit the ability of rural women to optimally access the benefits provided by these groups.
A Structural Equation Modelling Approach to Developing a Project Delivery Performance Framework for the Indian Steel Sector
The aim of this study is to examine the key organizational and managerial factors influencing Project Delivery Performance (PDP) in the Indian steel sector and to develop an empirically validated framework using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). A quantitative, cross-sectional research design was adopted and primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 330 project professionals drawn from public and private sector steel companies. Partial Least Squares–SEM was employed to test direct and indirect relationships among governance, leadership, risk management, resource planning, technology adoption, stakeholder engagement and PDP, with Project Management Capability and Organizational Agility as mediating variables. The findings reveal that the proposed model explains a substantial proportion of variance in PDP, highlighting the critical mediating role of organizational agility and selective direct effects of leadership and risk management practices. The study offers important theoretical contributions by extending multidimensional PDP frameworks and provides practical implications for managers by emphasizing capability development, agile practices and robust governance mechanisms to enhance project delivery effectiveness in the steel industry.
Biplab Kumar Dey1, Dr. Souren Sarkar2, Dr. Bishwajeet Bhattacharjee3
A Review of the Economic Structure and Growth of the Aligarh Lock Industry
The Aligarh lock industry stands as one of India's most iconic and enduring small-scale industrial clusters, contributing substantially to the national economy and serving as a vital source of employment for millions of workers in the Uttar Pradesh region. Originating in the mid-nineteenth century and flourishing over decades of artisanal craftsmanship, the industry has evolved from a cottage-level enterprise into a globally recognized manufacturing hub that supplies locks to both domestic and international markets. This review paper synthesizes a broad range of scholarly literature to examine the economic structure, productive organisation, and growth trajectory of the Aligarh lock industry. The paper analyses the cluster's internal dynamics including its micro, small and medium enterprise (MSME) ecosystem, supply chain structures, value chain challenges, and the socio-economic conditions of its workforce. It also explores the industry's urban and peri-urban geographic context and its relationship with Aligarh city's overall economic development. Additionally, the review addresses cross-cutting themes such as the prevalence of child labour, occupational health hazards affecting both male and female workers, environmental pollution concerns, and the role of education and skill formation in shaping worker productivity. Drawing upon empirical studies, economic analyses, and sociological investigations, the paper identifies critical structural bottlenecks and growth constraints confronting the industry today, and proposes directions for future policy intervention and academic inquiry. The review concludes that while the Aligarh lock industry possesses significant resilience and cultural capital, its long-term sustainability requires systematic upgrading, institutional support, and labour welfare reform.
AN ANALYSIS OF GROUNDWATER DEPLETION AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES IN CHURU DISTRICT, RAJASTHAN
Groundwater is the primary source of water for drinking, irrigation, and other domestic purposes in the majority areas. Churu district, located in the north-western part of Rajasthan, faces severe groundwater scarcity due to several reasons including low rainfall, high evaporation, increasing population, and excessive extraction of groundwater. The present study mainly focuses on the geographical analysis of groundwater depletion and its associated environmental challenges in Churu district. The study is mainly based on secondary data collected from several government reports, research journals, and statistical records. The present analysis examines rainfall patterns, groundwater level fluctuations, groundwater exploitation status, irrigation practices, groundwater quality, and environmental impacts. The study reveals that groundwater levels in Churu district have continuously declined over the last two decades due to over-dependence on tube wells and bore wells for agricultural and domestic uses. Most of the blocks in the district fall under the over-exploited category, where groundwater extraction exceeds natural recharge capacity.
The Role and Challenges of Democracy in India
Democracy is a governance system wherein individuals participate in decision-making via elected representatives and unencumbered elections. India is regarded as the world's largest democracy. In a democratic system, the people hold the ultimate authority in governance. However, social and economic inequality, poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, casteism, communalism, corruption, terrorism, and rapid population growth are just a few of the significant obstacles that India's democracy must overcome. These problems have an impact on how well the nation's democracy operates. This essay seeks to investigate and evaluate India's current democratic system as well as its impact on democracy globally. It also covers potential remedies and institutional changes that could support India's development of a robust, stable, and long-lasting democracy.
THE HISTORY OF GURUDWARA GURUSAR NATHANA
The particular subject is used to be enlightened by its definition which makes its boundaries and differentiates it from other disciplines. As per the definition of History, Greeks who defined it as the knowledge obtained as a result of research or inquiry. Actually History is very much concerned with the activities of human beings in that it is the study of events in man's struggle for progress. History is that discipline which investigates and unfolds the values which age after age have inspired the residents of a country to develop its collective will and to express it through the manifold activities of its life. As History is secular, which is concerned with temporal, mundane matters and not with spiritual efforts, it also gave us such personalities which adopted the secular policy in the past. Gurudwara Gurusar Sahib is a historical place. People visit this place from far and wide. This
A Critical Exploration of Multicultural Dynamics in Khaled Hosseini’s Fiction
This study examines the multicultural dimensions incorporated within Khaled Hosseini’s novels, with a special focus on The Kite Runner and A Thousand Splendid Suns. The study uses ideas from different fields. It brings together geography, especially the idea of “place,” and combines it with methods from diversity-based teaching. Hosseini’s official website has surfaced as a virtual space where readers from across the globe unite to share deep emotional responses to his narratives.Contradictorily, while these novels have been accepted by an international readership, they continue to face censorship in various educational settings within the United States. The research gives light to the geographical and cultural nuances of Afghanistan, a nation historically scarred by repeated foreign interventions and internal conflict. Within the framework of diversity teaching methodology, Hosseini’s storytelling becomes a powerful medium for presenting cultural “difference” while simultaneously validating shared human experiences that call for empathy and understanding. This paper further investigates the multicultural strands woven throughout Hosseini’s works by engaging with multiple philosophical and theoretical perspectives that reveal the layered cultural, social and emotional landscapes represented in his fiction.
Disparity in Literacy between Rural and Urban Scheduled Castes Population of Assam
A developing country is characterized not only by literacy rate but also by a great disparity in literacy between rural and urban population, between male and female and between the young and the aged. Literacy is an important indicator of socio-economic, cultural and educational development for a nation, for a society, and for a country. It is the key indicator to measure the overall development, according to which, the quality of life, awareness level and level of skill of the people can be measured in a society. Indian Constitution implemented the right to education to ensure free and compulsory education for the age group 6-14 years. However, in every stratum of the Indian society, disparity in literacy rate is remarkable. This study is conducted to look into the disparity in literacy rate between rural and urban population of Scheduled Castes (SC) of Assam.
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Analyzing Employment-Unemployment Situation in India
Unemployment is one of the most important reasons for underdevelopment as human capital remains unutilized which not only affects the productivity of a country but results in many social and economic problems. (Bansal & Jain, 2019) The level of unemployment was generally high in the northern parts of India as compared to its southern parts. But, the level of socio-economic deprivation was high in the north-central states and it decreases towards the north, south, east and north-eastern parts of India. The spatial variations in the level of unemployment may have been due to variations in the level of rural unemployment, household size and high population density, etc. as these variables of socioeconomic deprivation have a higher level of significant relationship with the unemployment. (Khan et al. 2012) The prevalence of skill mismatch in the labour market which renders even highly qualified individuals jobless. Closure, lay-off retrenchment may be some reasons of unemployment in India.
DR MADHU BISHT, DR BHARTI JAISWAL, Ms. RISHIANGINI DANU, MS. SANSKRITI BISHT