Synthesis, Characterization, and Diverse Applications of Carbon Quantum Dot-Based Nanomaterials

Abstract

Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs) are emerging as a promising class of carbon-based nanomaterials due to their unique properties, including excellent fluorescence, biocompatibility, low toxicity, and high surface area. These attributes make CQDs suitable for a variety of applications in fields such as bioimaging, sensing, energy storage, and environmental monitoring. The synthesis of CQDs can be achieved through top-down or bottom-up methods. Top-down approaches, such as laser ablation and chemical oxidation, involve breaking down bulk carbon materials into nanoscale quantum dots. Conversely, bottom-up methods, including hydrothermal synthesis and pyrolysis, involve the assembly of smaller organic molecules into CQDs. Both methods offer the flexibility to control CQD size, surface chemistry, and optical properties, which are crucial for their functionality in various applications.