ANALYTICAL COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT RESEARCH MODEL USED FOR CONSTRUCTION OF SKILL TEST

Abstract

Basketball is a complex sport that requires players to master technical, tactical, physical, and psychological skills. Traditional methods of skill assessment often lack specificity and standardization, reducing their effectiveness for coaching, talent identification, and performance evaluation. This study examines the application and comparative analysis of three instructional design models: the Borg-Gall Incremental Learning Model, the Thiagarajan 4D Model, and the ADDIE Model, for developing basketball skill tests. Using qualitative and analytical methods, the study evaluates these models based on parameters such as progression rate, complexity, time commitment, testing depth, and contextual relevance. The Borg-Gall model, with its ten-step process and emphasis on field validation, is ideal for developing comprehensive tests with institutional support. The 4D model, known for its simplicity and rapid implementation, is particularly well-suited for environments with limited time and resources. The ADDIE model offers a balanced and iterative approach that promotes modular test design and continuous improvement. The results suggest that no single model is universally superior. Instead, each model offers specific advantages that depend on context, goals, and available resources. The article recommends adapting the model to individual needs and suggests hybridizing models and integrating technologies such as artificial intelligence to increase the adaptability and efficiency of testing.