Reimagining Indian Education: A Critical Analysis of the National Education Policy 2020 and Its Evolution to NEP 2023

Abstract

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 marked a pivotal shift in India’s educational landscape, replacing the decades-old NEP 1986/1992. With a vision of making education more holistic, inclusive, and future-ready, NEP 2020 proposed a structural overhaul from foundational to higher education. Building on this, NEP 2023 introduced refinements to address implementation challenges and align education with global standards. This paper offers a critical analysis of both NEP 2020 and NEP 2023, discussing their transformative agendas, implementation mechanisms, opportunities for growth, and the road ahead.