Women Labourers in Unorganised Sectors and Their Problems in Uttarakhand

Abstract

       The unorganised sector plays a critical role in India’s economy, employing a significant portion of the workforce, particularly in rural and semi-urban regions. In Uttarakhand, women constitute a substantial part of this labour force, engaging in activities such as agriculture, construction, domestic work and small-scale industries. Despite their contribution, women labourers in these unorganised sectors face systemic challenges, including lack of job security, irregular wages and unsafe working conditions. Cultural norms, gender biases and limited access to education exacerbate these issues, often restricting their upward mobility and perpetuating cycles of poverty. Furthermore, the absence of formal contracts or union representation leaves them vulnerable to exploitation. The challenges are compounded by geographic and socio-economic factors unique to Uttarakhand, such as the hilly terrain and limited infrastructure, which impede women’s access to employment opportunities and essential services. Additionally, the impact of migration, where male members of families often leave for better prospects, increases the burden on women, forcing them to shoulder both domestic and economic responsibilities. This dual burden contributes to physical and mental health issues, further diminishing their productivity and quality of life. Addressing these issues requires a multi-faceted approach, including policy interventions, skill development programs and strengthening social security measures, to empower women labourers and ensure their inclusion in sustainable economic growth.