ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION: TRANSFORMING TEACHING AND LEARNING IN THE 21ST CENTURY

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is redefining the educational landscape by enhancing teaching methodologies, learning experiences, and administrative efficiency. In the 21st century, AI has evolved from simple computer-assisted instruction to sophisticated systems that can analyze learning patterns, predict student performance, and offer personalized learning pathways. This research paper explores the transformative role of AI in education, focusing on its key technologies, benefits, challenges, and future trends. The study examines how AI-powered tools such as Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS), Natural Language Processing (NLP), and machine learning algorithms are reshaping teaching and learning processes. It highlights the role of AI in fostering inclusivity, enabling adaptive learning, automating administrative tasks, and providing real-time feedback to students and educators. However, the integration of AI into education also raises significant concerns regarding data privacy, algorithmic bias, technological dependency, and the digital divide. This paper further investigates the historical development of AI in education, from early systems like PLATO to modern adaptive platforms, and reviews relevant literature to provide a foundation for understanding current applications and future possibilities. Through a critical analysis of case studies and technological innovations, the research identifies best practices and offers recommendations for policymakers, educators, and developers to ensure ethical, equitable, and effective AI implementation in education. The findings emphasize that while AI is a powerful enabler of educational transformation, it should complement—not replace—human educators, ensuring a balanced and human-centered approach to learning in the digital age.